(UK System)
Wang, Yue, Patrick James, and Ronan Bolton. “Economic Evaluation Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Technologies for
Future Domestic Energy Systems.7 kWh);
Bidirectional charger: ₹501,600 ($6,000);
Federal Investment Tax Credit (30%)
applied;
Savings ₹8,192.g.80 ($98)/ month
(solar driving);
PV degradation: 0.5% discount rate
V2H vs
Stationary
Battery
(Japan)37
Favourable when
bidirectional
charger cost ≤
₹108,600
(€1200) (i. “Techno-Economic Assessment of
Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Financial Projections and Incentives for Achieving Energy Decarbonization Goals. (2019): 78.” Northumbria University Preprint, 2018.5 PV, 42., ~6–7
years 2011)
Locations: Fort William, Nottingham,
Brighton;
PV size: kW;
FIT reductions post-2012 significantly
impact returns;
EV storage still unviable due high
charger battery degradation costs;
50% generation assumed be
exported;
discount rate: 2%;
ESS improves NPV 46% Brighton
Payback Period
.
Economic Viability V2H
NPV Estimate Assumptions/ Notes
PV Battery +
V2H with
Efficiency
Measures
(Florida,
USA)36
Positive NPV
achieved Year
9 30-year
analysis (for
existing homes
with +
42.” IEEE Texas
Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), 2025
37
Kataoka al.5%/yr;
Battery degradation: 3.5%/yr; 30-year
analysis with 4. “Comparison the Economic and Environmental Performance V2H
and Residential Stationary Battery: Development Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Homes Owners.
38
Wang al.,
one-third of
current cost)
~9–10 years
(only for non-
commuter EV
use case)
Scenario Year: 2030; PV: max kW;
Bidirectional charger cost tested at
₹3,59,46 (€3600), ₹2,39,640 (€2400),
and ₹1,19,820 (€1200);
Base battery: kWh;
EV use case: non-commuter allows
higher V2H use;
Environmental and cost benefits only
appear charger cost ≤
₹1,19,820(€1200);
Compared with kWh stationary
battery;
Model assumes perfect forecasting and
MILP optimization
PV EV
System (UK)38
₹127,800
(£1,200) 2017
(down from
₹3,049,725
(£28,650) 2011
for Brighton,
6 PV)
12–15 years
(post-2016);
much shorter
before 2016
(e.2 kWh
battery); V2H
setup achieves
savings earlier if
charger cost <
₹501,600
($6,000)
~6–9 years for
V2H setup
(with ITC); PV-
only systems
reach positive
cash flow
sooner
Existing home: 9.2 kWh
battery,
V2H-capable (68.” World
Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. (Japan V2H Stationary Battery)
Kataoka, Ryosuke, Hiroshi Asano, and Takayuki Kato.PAGE VEHICLE-TO-HOME (V2H) SYSTEMS
HANDBOOK
36 3738
36
Haggi and Fenton (Florida Battery V2H) Haggi, Hamed, and James Fenton.e
