1 Switching operations
(SEMP: Switching electromagnetic pulse)
Switching operations occur due the switching of
large inductive and capacitive loads, short circuits and
interruptions the power system.2 Temporary and permanent surge voltages
Temporary, transient, surge voltages occur due to
faults the mains power supply. Mains
frequency faults this kind can last for between sev-
eral seconds and several hours.2. Equipotential bonding necessary here avoid
this charge separation.1. motors, ballasts and industri-
al loads.
TBS
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Chapter The internal lightning protection system
.2.
3. Sources include e.3 Planning methods
Part the lightning protection standard IEC 62305
describes how protect electrical and electronic sys-
tems.2. When
a person walks carpet, charge separation occurs
– this instance, harmless humans.
3. Only surge
arrestors can safely arrest these dangerous voltages.
3.
3.1 Transient surges voltages
Transient surges are short-lived surge voltages lasting
for matter microseconds.1. The voltage exceeds the maximum permissible
nominal voltage, electronic devices are damaged and
installed surge protection devices cannot protect
against these long-lasting mains frequencies. These surge
voltages simulate surge currents (8/20
μs).2. For example, a
break neutral cable can generate impermiss-
ible increase voltage the three-phase power sys-
tem. They are the most
common cause surge voltages.2 Types surge voltages
Transient, temporary and permanent surge voltages
represent the three primary types surge voltages.2. Lightning and switching
operations generate large transient surges that can be
prevented with surge protection devices. However,
it can interfere with and destroy electronic compon-
ents.2.2.
3.TBS
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Example split Earth
System: 50%–50%
i kA; Ohm
U 50,000 Ohm 50,000 V
U Surge voltage
i Lightning surge current
R Earthing resistance
The voltage resistance the components ex-
ceeded and uncontrolled arcing occurs. The safety and installation standards IEC 60364
additionally stipulate that surge voltage protection
measures are required important protective
measure low-voltage systems.g.2 Static discharges
(ESD: Electrostatic discharge)
Electrostatic discharges are caused friction.2.
U1 Between phase (L1) and neutral conductor (N)
U2 Between phase (L2) and neutral conductor (N)
U3 Between phase (L3) and neutral conductor (N)
U12 Between phase (L1) and phase (L2)
U23 Between phase (L2) and phase (L3)
U31 Between phase (L3) and phase (L1)
Effect break neutral wire: neutral point displace-
ment case asymmetry
3
