rule, switching surges amount to
twice three times the operating voltage.2.1 Transient surges
Transient surges are voltage increases lasting for a
matter microseconds but whose magnitude sev-
eral times that the mains voltage.TBS
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1.2 Lightning surges
The largest voltage peaks the low-voltage consumer
network are caused lightning discharges. These de-
pend the exact cause and/or impact point the
lightning discharge.2.2.
Switching surges
Switching surges can arise from various sources, e.2.
When direct strike hits the external lightning protec-
tion system low-voltage exposed cable, this usu-
ally causes without internal lightning and surge pro-
tection damage the insulation and total outage of
the connected consumers.3 Sources and causes damage
according standards
For the purposes the risk analysis according to
IEC/EN 62305-2, lightning strikes are assigned one
of four possible “sources damage” (S1-S4).2.
switching operations involving large inductive loads
such motors. Permanent
surges caused impermissible conditions the
mains network are not considered transient surges. The damage/loss then categorised
according four different types damage (L1-L4).
Induced surge voltages
Induced voltage peaks building installations and en-
ergy data supply cables can also reach many times
the nominal operating voltage and cause the immedi-
ate failure the systems.
Circuit board destroyed surge
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15
Chapter General introduction
. the
case small surges, the other hand, failures often
occur only after time delay they accelerate the
aging process the components the affected
devices, causing them insidious damage.g. light-
ning strike can lead three possible sources dam-
age (D1-D3). number of
different protection measures are required. Lightning
surges can sometimes reach 100 times the nominal
voltage value and transport high energy content.
1.3 Effects surges
Energy-rich lightning currents often cause the instant-
aneous destruction unprotected systems.
1.
Lightning surges can sometimes
reach 100 times the nominal
voltage value and contain high
energy content.
1.2
