However, may useful state
that some instances special provision will
30 have made for effecting uniform cool
ing the substance surrounding the conduc
tor throughout its length. transformer, as
described, especially fitted for use with cur
rents high frequency, when low tempera
ture the conductors particularly desir
able, and ice affords exceptionally-elfect-
20 ive insulation. the
plan illustrated Fig. Assuming Fig. which and S'
represent, respectively, the primary and sec
ondary conductors, hare insulated, a
transformer, which are wound core N
5 and immersed water other substance W,
containing jar and, before stated, pref
erably freed air boiling otherwise.
What claim invention is— 115
1. For instance, referring Figs. 10. 95
From the above description will read
ily seen that invention forms funda
mental departure principle from the es
tablished methods insulating conductors
employed the industrial and commercial 100
application electricity. aims, broadly,
at obtaining insulation the continuous ex
penditure moderate amount energy
instead securing only virtue an
inherent physical property the material 105
used, heretofore.
2. 80
large plants this kind,when the saving of
electrical energy the transmission the
most important consideration when the
chief object reduce the cost the mains
by the employment cheap metal, iron, 85
or otherwise, every effort will made to
maintain the conductors the lowest possi
ble temperature, and well-known refrigerat
ing processes, those based the regener
ative principle, may resorted to, and 90
this and any other case the hollow conduc
tors channels instead merely serving
the purpose conveying the cooling agent
may themselves form active parts the re
frigerating apparatus. More especially its ob
ject provide, when and wherever re
quired, insulation high quality, any de
sired thickness and exceptionally cheap, and
to enable the transmission electrical en- no
ergy under conditions economy heretofore
unattainable and distances until now im
practicable dispensing with the necessity
of using costly conductors and insulators. Evidently the case illus
trated the concentric tubes may used as
independent conductors, insulated from each
65 other the intervening fluid and from the
ground the frozen solidified substance.655,338
tion shown Fig. this and any
5 similar arrangement when the flowtabes place
in opposite directions the object aimed will
be more completely attained reducing the
temperature the circulating cooling agent
at the distant station, which may done by
60 simply expanding into large reservoir, as
R3
, cooling means tube coil
T3, otherwise. 4,
50 and instead single channel two con
centric channels and L3may provided
and the cooling agent passed through one and
returned through the other, indicated dia-
grammatieally Fig.
In such cases fairly-uniform freezing the
insulating substance w'ill attained with
out difficulty the compensating effect of
the oppositely-circulating cooling agents.
The cooling agent circulated any con
venient manner, through the hollow pri-
io máry P', for the purpose freezing the sub
stance Flanged bushings and oil-
cups ee, extending into the frozen mass, illus
trate suitable means for insulating the ends
of the two conductors and preventing the
15 leakage the currents. similar result will
be measure attained, owing the com
pensating effect the hollow conductors C'
and C2
, which may still further enhanced
45 reversing periodically the direction the
flow any convenient manner; but many
cases special arrangements will have be
employed render the cooling more less
uniform. The method insulating electric con
ductors herein described which consists re
ducing and maintaining frozen so
lidified condition the material surrounding 125
or contiguous the said conductor the
action thereon cooling agent maintained
in circulation through one more channels
as set forth.
3. The method insulating electric con- 130
doctors herein described which consists in
surrounding supporting the conductor by
material which acquires insulating properties
when frozen solidified state, and main-
.
1 the cooling agent escape the distant
end freely into the atmosphere into res-
35 ervoir maintained low pressure, will in
passing through the hollow7conductor move
with velocity steadily increasing toward the
end, expanding isothermally,or nearly so,and
hence will cause approximately-uniform
40 formation ice along the conductor. The method insulating electric con
ductors herein described which consists in
imparting insulating properties material
surrounding contiguous the said con
ductor the continued action thereon 120
cooling agent, set forth.
Generally the transmission electrical
energy large amounts, when the quantity
of heat carried off may considerable,
refrigerating apparatus thoroughly protected 70
against the inflow heat from the outside,
as usual, will employed both the sta
tions and, when the distance between them is
very great, also intermediate points, the
machinery being advantageouslj7operated 75
the currents transmitted fluids convoyed.
It will understood that invention
may applied many other ways, that the
special means here described will greatly
varied according the necessities, and that
25 each case many expedients will adopted
which are well known engineers and elec
tricians and which unnecessary to
dwell
