The trough
may metal, sheet-iron, and cases
40 where the ground used return-circuit it
may serve main may any kind
of material more less insulating. 4
and illustrate cross-section two such un
derground troughs and T", metal sheet,
45 with their adiathermanous inclosures, (desig
nated and H", respectively,) each trough
containing single central hollow conductor,
as and C''. Figs. other
wise, through the two hollow conductors C3
and G‘, which, found advantageous, may be
covered with layer cheap material 100
such will improve their insulation, but
not prevent the freezing solidification of
the surrounding substance The tubular
conductors C2
, preferably iron, may then
serve convey heavy currents for supplying 105
light and power, while the small ones c',
embedded the ice frozen mass, may be
used for any other purposes. which represents
the cross-section trough, the same in
other respects those before shown, but con- 70
tabling instead hollow conductor any
kind pipe conduit The cooling agent
may driven any convenient manner
through the pipe for the purpose freez
ing the water other substance filling the 75
trough, thus insulating and fixing number
of conductors Such plan may par
ticularly suitable cities for insulating and
fixing telegraph and telephone wires the
like. some instances, for example, it
may bedesirable insulate and support con
ductor places ordinarilydoneby means 115
glass porcelain insulators.o
655,838
circulated the closed path C2R2v? P
R' the action the pump.
While invention contemplates, chiefly,
the insulation conductors employed the 110
transmission electrical energy distance,
it may be, obviously, otherwise usefully ap
plied.
the agent circulating through the hollow con- 125
ductor C", which thus insulated and sup
ported. improve the insulation the
top, where most liable give w
T
ay, a
layer some substance to’, oil, may be
used, and the conductor may covered near 130
the support with insulation shown, the
same extending into the oil for reasons well
understood. the first ease the insulation
W supposed ice, obtained freezing
50 water preferably freed air order ex
clude the formation dangerous bubbles or
cavities, while the second case the frozen
mass some aqueous other substance
or mixture highly insulating when this
55 condition. Obviously two such conduits may be
provided and used similar manner the
conductors C3. Another valve
V' suitable construction may used for
regulating the flowof the cooling agent. The conduit
L may, however, used simultaneously for
conveying and distributing any kind fluid 85
for which there demand through the dis
trict. The
5 conductors C3are insulated from the res
ervoirs R2and from each other the joints
J' J2J3
, and they are, furthermore, protected
at the places where they enter and leave the
ground flanged bushings I2, in
f sulating material, which extend into the
frozen mass order prevent the current
from leaking, above explained.
It should stated that many instances
it may practicable dispense wdth a
trough resorting simple expedients in
the placing and insulating the conductors. showing trough simi
lar that Fig. Next, the conductors
will put position and temporarily sup-
25 ported any convenient manner, and Anally
the trough will filled with water other
substance which will gradually frozen
by circulating the cooling agent the closed
path, before described.
60 fact, for some purposes maybe sufficient
to simply cover the latter with moist mass,
as cement other plastic material, which so
long kept very low temperature
and frozen hard will afford adequate insula-
. This may be
effected many wajrs conveying cool
ing agent either through the conductor or
through independent channel and freez
ing solidifying any kind substance, thus 120
enabling serve the purpose.
It will often desirable place the 90
same trough great number wires con
ductors serving for variety purposes. such cases exceedingly-low tern- 80
perature the cooling agent may not re
quired, and the insulation will obtained
at the expense little power. Binding-
posts and B2B3 are provided for con
necting the conductors the circuit each
15 station. Such an
artificial insulating-support illustrated in
Fig. which represents vessel filled
with water other substance frozen . with the conductors 95
cross-section. The cooling agent may in
this instance circulated, Fig.
• Another typical way carrying out in
vention, which reference has already been
made, shown Fig. In
such case plan may adopted which is
illustrated Fig. This being done and
35 the conductors thus insulated and fixed, a
layer the same similar material M
will placed the top and the whole cov
ered with earth pavement.
In laying the conductors, C2
, what
ever their number, trench will generally
be dug and trough, round square, T,
of smaller dimensions than the trench placed
20 the same, the intervening space being
packed with some material (designated byM
MM) more less impervious heat, saw
dust, ashes, the like. tion. ITsuallythe trench
30 will not level, but will follow the undula
tions the ground, and this will make nec
essary subdivide the trough sections or
to effect the freezing the substance filling
it successivelyin parts.
Another typical application inven-
