meet
these conditions, its cooling capacity, which
55 dependent the temperature, density, ve
locity, and specific heat, will calculated
by the help data and formulae familiar to
engineers. Flanged bushings
i' i%
of non-conducting material may used
io prevent the leakage the current which
■would otherwise occur, owing the forma
tion superficial film moisture over the
ice projecting out the -water. Both the reservoirs and r3
are kept low temperature suitable
io m.
In many cases will advantage to
30 cover the hollow conductor with thick layer
of some cheap material, felt, this being in
dicated C:!in Fig. Evidently the industrial
and commercial exploitation invention 75
any kind fluid capable meeting the re
quirements may conveyed from one to
another station and there utilized for refrig
eration, power, heating, lighting, sanitation,
chemical processes, any other purpose 80
which may lend itself, and thus the reve
nue the plant may increased.
The attainment this object will facili
tated any provision for reducing much 95
as possible the flowing the heat from
the surrounding medium. For
these purposes apparatus may employed
which well known and which unnec- 70
essary show detail. which C'
and C3represent two hollow conductors em
bedded frozen mass underground and 115
communicating, respectively, with the reser
voirs and R3
, which are connected re
ciprocating other suitable pump Cool
ing coils tubes and T2T2with regu
lating-valves are employed, which are 120
similar and serve the same purpose those
shown Fig. Other features similar
ity, though unnecessary, are illustrated fa
cilitate understanding the plan. Clearly the lower
the temperature the conductor the smaller
will the loss electrical friction; but, on
the other hand, the colder the conductor the 100
greater will the influx heat from the
outside and the cost the cooling agent. The tube,
being kept insulated this means, may then
25 employed the manner ordinary
telegraphic other cable connecting
either both the terminals b2in cir
cuit including the earth.655,838
v
connects with another similar tank r3
, pro
vided with inlet-valve ■
v
i. 105
Most frequently the distribution elec
tricity for industrial purposes, sys
tem power transmission alternate cur
rents, more than one conductor will re
quired, and such cases may conven- no
ient circulate the cooling agent closed
path formed the conductors. plan of
this kind illustrated Fig.
45 Generally considered, the coolingagent will
have carry away heat rate sufficient
to keep the conductor the desired temper
ature and maintain layer the required
thickness the substance surrounding in
50 frozen state, compensating continually for
the heat flowing through the layer and
wall the conductor and that generated by
mechanical and electrical friction. this instance furthermore serves
to greatly reduce the quantity ice required,
its rate melting, and the influx heat
from the outside, thus diminishing the ex-
40 penditure energy necessary for the main
tenance normal working conditions. Air will be, rule, suitable
for the use contemplated; but exceptional
6o instances some other gas, hydrogen, may
be resorted to, which will permit much-
greater rate cooling and lower tempera
ture reached. For in- 85
stance, employed for the transmis
sion telegraphic messages, when the loss
in electrical friction may conse
quence, very low temperature may not be
required; but used for transmitting 90
large amounts electrical energy, when the
frictional waste may serious drawback,
it will desirable keep extremely cold. Obviously whichever
gas employed should before entering the
65 hollow conductor channel thoroughly
dried and separated from all which con
densation and deposition otherwise might
cause obstruction its passage. The air other
gas which used the cooling agent enter
ing through the valve v2is drawn through the
5 tank r2and pump into the reservoir ?•', es
caping thence through the conductor under
any desired pressure, which may regulated
by valve v’.
As the temperature the conductor it
will determined the nature its use
and considerations economy. As
regards this energy and other particulars of
importance they will vary according the
special demands each case. Such covering,
penetrable water, would ordinarily of
little use; but when embedded the
35 ice improves the insulating qualities the
same.
From such and similar considerations the
temperature securing the highest economy
will ascertained.
Instead being wasted the distant sta
tion the cooling agent maybe turned some
profitable use. The gas continuously passing
IS through the tube conductor being very
cold will freeze and maintain this state the
water contact with adjacent the con
ductor and insulate it.eans, coils tubes and i31, through
which any kind refrigerating fluid may be
circulated, some provision being preferably
made for adjusting the flow the same, as
by valves v'. A
three-way valve V2is provided, which -when 125
placed with its lever indicated allows
the cooling agent enter through the tubes
u' i63and pump thus filling the reservoirs
R' R3and hollow conductors C3; but when
turned ninety degrees the valve shuts off the 130
communication the outside through the
tubew' and establishes connection between
the reservoir and pump through the
tubes io2and tr, thus permitting the fluid be
