The U.S. Patents of Nikola Tesla

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For these purposes apparatus may employed which well known and which unnec- 70 essary show detail. As the temperature the conductor it will determined the nature its use and considerations economy. From such and similar considerations the temperature securing the highest economy will ascertained. For in- 85 stance, employed for the transmis­ sion telegraphic messages, when the loss in electrical friction may conse­ quence, very low temperature may not be required; but used for transmitting 90 large amounts electrical energy, when the frictional waste may serious drawback, it will desirable keep extremely cold. this instance furthermore serves to greatly reduce the quantity ice required, its rate melting, and the influx heat from the outside, thus diminishing the ex- 40 penditure energy necessary for the main­ tenance normal working conditions. plan of this kind illustrated Fig. Evidently the industrial and commercial exploitation invention 75 any kind fluid capable meeting the re­ quirements may conveyed from one to another station and there utilized for refrig­ eration, power, heating, lighting, sanitation, chemical processes, any other purpose 80 which may lend itself, and thus the reve­ nue the plant may increased. Both the reservoirs and r3 are kept low temperature suitable io m.655,838 v connects with another similar tank r3 , pro­ vided with inlet-valve ■ v i. Such covering, penetrable water, would ordinarily of little use; but when embedded the 35 ice improves the insulating qualities the same. Flanged bushings i' i% of non-conducting material may used io prevent the leakage the current which ■would otherwise occur, owing the forma­ tion superficial film moisture over the ice projecting out the -water. As regards this energy and other particulars of importance they will vary according the special demands each case. 105 Most frequently the distribution elec­ tricity for industrial purposes, sys­ tem power transmission alternate cur­ rents, more than one conductor will re­ quired, and such cases may conven- no ient circulate the cooling agent closed path formed the conductors. Other features similar­ ity, though unnecessary, are illustrated fa­ cilitate understanding the plan. The gas continuously passing IS through the tube conductor being very cold will freeze and maintain this state the water contact with adjacent the con­ ductor and insulate it. which C' and C3represent two hollow conductors em­ bedded frozen mass underground and 115 communicating, respectively, with the reser­ voirs and R3 , which are connected re­ ciprocating other suitable pump Cool­ ing coils tubes and T2T2with regu­ lating-valves are employed, which are 120 similar and serve the same purpose those shown Fig. A three-way valve V2is provided, which -when 125 placed with its lever indicated allows the cooling agent enter through the tubes u' i63and pump thus filling the reservoirs R' R3and hollow conductors C3; but when turned ninety degrees the valve shuts off the 130 communication the outside through the tubew' and establishes connection between the reservoir and pump through the tubes io2and tr, thus permitting the fluid be . Obviously whichever gas employed should before entering the 65 hollow conductor channel thoroughly dried and separated from all which con­ densation and deposition otherwise might cause obstruction its passage. The attainment this object will facili­ tated any provision for reducing much 95 as possible the flowing the heat from the surrounding medium. Clearly the lower the temperature the conductor the smaller will the loss electrical friction; but, on the other hand, the colder the conductor the 100 greater will the influx heat from the outside and the cost the cooling agent. meet these conditions, its cooling capacity, which 55 dependent the temperature, density, ve­ locity, and specific heat, will calculated by the help data and formulae familiar to engineers. In many cases will advantage to 30 cover the hollow conductor with thick layer of some cheap material, felt, this being in­ dicated C:!in Fig. Air will be, rule, suitable for the use contemplated; but exceptional 6o instances some other gas, hydrogen, may be resorted to, which will permit much- greater rate cooling and lower tempera­ ture reached. 45 Generally considered, the coolingagent will have carry away heat rate sufficient to keep the conductor the desired temper­ ature and maintain layer the required thickness the substance surrounding in 50 frozen state, compensating continually for the heat flowing through the layer and wall the conductor and that generated by mechanical and electrical friction.eans, coils tubes and i31, through which any kind refrigerating fluid may be circulated, some provision being preferably made for adjusting the flow the same, as by valves v'. Instead being wasted the distant sta­ tion the cooling agent maybe turned some profitable use. The air other gas which used the cooling agent enter­ ing through the valve v2is drawn through the 5 tank r2and pump into the reservoir ?•', es­ caping thence through the conductor under any desired pressure, which may regulated by valve v’. The tube, being kept insulated this means, may then 25 employed the manner ordinary telegraphic other cable connecting either both the terminals b2in cir­ cuit including the earth