20,405, (Ho specimens.
The conductors niayjne bare covered with 70
some material which* capable keeping
them insulated when frozen solidified. Broadly stated, the 55
method consists insulating electric con
ductor freezing solidifying and main
taining such state, the circulation a
cooling agent, the material surrounding or
contiguous the conductor.
The frozen mass may direct touch with
the surrounding medium may de
gree protected from contact with the same 75
an inclosure more orless impervious heat.. may forced through the
channel gravity, pressure, suction, pro
duced mechanically otherwise, any
other kind force.
In Fig.
SPECIFICATION form ing art etters aten No. 655,838, dated ugust 14,1900.)
To all whom concern:
Be known that citi
zen the United States, residing the bor
ough Manhattan, the city, county, and
5 State New York, have invented certain new
and useful Improvements Methods In
sulating Electric Conductors, which the
following specification, reference being
had the accompanying drawings,
io has long been known that many sub
stances which are more less conducting
when the fluid condition become insula
tors when solidified.
M . may continually
renewed indefinitely used being alter- 85
nately volatilized and condensed evapo
rated and absorbed and mechanically driven
back and forth steadily circulated a
closed path under any suitable conditions as
regards pressure, density, temperature, and 90
velocity. and 10,
in section partly so, constructive details
to described.
The cooling agent may any kind liquid,
preferably low freezing-point, brine, or
it may gas, atmospheric air, oxygen,
carboiiic acid, ammonia, illuminating-gas, 80
hydrogen. Thus water, which is
in measure conducting, acquires insulating
15 properties when converted into ice. hollow conductor, such 10
a steel tube, laid body water and com
municating with reservoir r', but electric
ally insulated from the same pump
or compressor any suitable construction
. These
50 and other observations have led the in
vention novel method insulating con
ductors, rendered practicable reason the
above facts and advantageous the utiliza
tion electrical energy for industrial and
commercial purposes. The ex
isting information this subject, however,
has been heretofoi-e general nature only
and chiefly derived from the original observa
tions Faraday, who estimated that the sub-
20 stances upon which experimented, such
as water and aqueous solutions, insulate an
electrically-charged conductor about one hun
dred times better when rendered solid by
freezing, and attempt has been made to
25 improve the quality ofthe insulation obtained
by this means practically utilize for
such purposes are contemplated pres
ent invention. Serial No.
NIKOLA TESLA, NEW YORK, Y. the course own in
vestigations, more especially those the elec-
30 trie properties ice, have discovered some
novel and important facts, which the more
prominent are the following: first, that under
certain conditions, when the leakage the
electric charge ordinarih’taking place rig-
35 orously prevented, ice proves itself a
much better insulator than has heretofore ap
peared second, that its insulating properties
may still further improved the addition
of other bodies the water; third, that the
40 dielectric strength ice other frozen
aqueous substance increases with the reduc
tion temperature and corresponding in
crease hardness, and, fourth, that these
bodies afford still more effective insulation
45 for conductors carrying intermittent alter
nating currents, particularly high ^rates,
surpi'isingly-thin layers ice being capable
of withstanding electromotive forces many
hundreds and even thousands volts.
Application filed June 15,1900. 60
In the practical carrying out method
I may employ hollow conductor and pass
the cooling agent through the same, thus
freezing the water other medium con
tact with close such conductor, may 65
use expressly for the circulation the cool
ing agent independent channel and freeze
or solidify the adjacent substance, w-hich
any number conductors may embedded.
To conduce better understanding the
invention, reference now made the ac
companying drawings, which—
Figures and illustrate Ion- 95
gitudinal section typical ways carrying
out invention; and Figs
