The U.S. Patents of Nikola Tesla

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Such covering, ' penetrable water, would ordinarily of little usé; but when embedded the . this instance furthermore serves ;5 to' greatly reduce the quantity ice required, its rate melting, and the influx heat from the outside, thus diminishing the ex­ penditure energy necessary for the main­ tenance normal working conditions. In many cases it. Flanged bushings i'i4, non-condacting material,may be used prevent the leakage the current which would otherwise occur, owing the to formation superficial film moisture over the ice projecting out the water. which C' and represent two hollow conductors em­ bedded frozen mass underground and communicating, respectively; with the reser­ voirs and R*, which'are connected re­ ciprocating other suitable pump Cool­ ing coils tnbes and T*, with regu­ lating-valves are employed, which are similar and serve the same ptirpose as those shown Fig. which well known and which unnec­ essary show detail. Clearly the lower the tempera­ ture the oondnetor the smaller will the loss electrical friction; but. As the temperature the conductor, it will determined the nature its nse and considerations economy.. From such and similar considerations the temperature securing the highest economy will ascer­ tained.the insulating qualities the same. Generally considered,the cooling agent will have carry away heat rate sufficient 45 keep the conductor the desired tempera­ ture and maintain layer the required • thickness the substance surrounding in a frozen state, compensating continually for the heat flowing through the layer and wall 50 the conductor and that generated me­ chanical and electrical friction., the other hand, the colder ? the conductor the greater will the influx heat from the outside and the cost cooling agent. The tube being kept insulated this means may then employed the manner ordi­ nary telegraphic other cable connect- 15 ing either both the terminals a circuit including the earth. three-way valve provided, which when placed with its lever indi­ cated allows the cooling agent enter through the tabes //* and pntnp thus filling the reservoirs R4and hollow con­ ductors C4; but when turned ninety de­ grees the valve shots off the compnumention .ing through the valve drawn through the tank r*and pomp/>into the reservoirr', escap­ ing thence through the conductor under 5 any desired uressure which may regulated by valve v'. meet these conditions, its cooling capaeity, which is dependent the temperature, density, ' veiocity, and specific heat, will calculated 55 the help data and formnice familiar to engineers. For instance, if employed for the transmission tele­ graphic messages, when the loss electrical friction may consequence, very low temperature may not required; but it be used for transmitting large amounts of electrical energy, when the frictional waste may serious drawback, will desir­ able keep extremely cold. illus­ trated facilitate understanding the plan. Obviously whichever gas employed should before entering the hollow conductor channel thoroughly dried and separated front all which con- 65 densation and deposition otherwise might cause obstruction its passage. Tho gas continuously passing through the tube conductor be­ ingvery cold will freeze and maintain this 15 state the water contact with adjacent to the conductor and insulate it. Other features of similarity, though unnecessary, are. will advantage to cover the hollow conductor with thick layer of some cheap material, felt, this being in- ;o dicated Fig. The attain­ ment this object will facilitated any provision for reducing much possible the flowing the heat from the surround ing medium. ice iiiiproves. Instead being wasted the distant sta­ tion the cooling agent may turned 6ome profitable use. For these'purposes apparatus may employed. Both the reservoirs and r* are kepi, low temperature suitable means, coils tubes and ř, through which any kind refrigerating fluid 10 may circula ted, some provision being pref- erably made for adjusting the flow the same, valves v‘. Air will bé, rule, suitable for the use contemplated; but exceptional instances some other gas, hydrogen, may resorted to, which will permit much 60 greater rate cooling and lower tempera­ ture reached.to the ontside through the tube and estab­ lishes connection between the reservoir R4 and pomp through the tubes U*and n4, thus permitting the cooling agent lie circulated in the closed path it* the a 11,805 gas which used the cooling agent enter- 70 75 80 »5 90 95 to 10$ n o " 5 I2< 12; . Evidently the industrial and commercial exploitation myinvention any kind cooling agent, capable meeting the requirements maybe conveyed from one to another station and there utilized for re­ frigeration, power, heating, lighting, sanitar tion, chemical processes, any other pur­ pose which may tend itself, and thus the revenue the plant may increased. As ,0 regards this energy and other particulars of importance they will vary according the special demands each case. Most frequently the distribution elec­ tricity for industrial purposes, sys­ tem power transmission alternate cur­ rents, more than one conductor will re­ quired, and such cases may conven­ ient circulate the cooling agent closed path formed the conductors plan of this kind illustrated Fig