N . The ex
isting information this subject, however,
has been heretofore general nature only
and chiefly derived from the original observa
tions Faraday, who estimated that the sub-
ao stances upon which experimented, such
as water and aqueous solutions, insulate an
electrically-charged conductor about one hun
dred times better when rendered solid by
freezing, and attempt has been made to
25 improve the quality the insulation obtained
by this means practically utilize for
such purposes are contemplated pres
ent invention. may
be forced through the channel pressure or
suction produced mechanically otherwise. 55
This method consists insulating elec
tric conductor freezing solidifying and
maintaining such state the material sur
rounding contiguous the conductor,
Using for the purpose gaseous cooling agent 60
circulating through one moresuitable chan
nels extending through proximity the
said material. These
50 and other observations have led the,in
vention :of novel method insulating con
ductors, rendered practicable reason the
above facts and advantageous the utiliza
tion electrical energy for industrial and
commercial purposes.
M . 30,722. pump
or compressor;), any suitable construction,
connects with another similar tank r*, pro
vided with inlet-valve air orother
.hstandingelectromoti've forces many
hundredsaiideventhousandsof volts.
I11 the practical carrying out method
I may employ hollow conductor and pass 65
the cooling agent, through the same, thus
freezing the water other medium con
tact with close such conductor, may
use expressly for the circulation the cool
ing agent independent channel and freeze 7c
or solidify the adjacent substance which
any number conductors may embedded.
The conductors may bare covered with
some material which capable keéping
them insulated wheu frozen solidified.'y prevented, ice proves itself a
much better insulator than has heretofore ap
peared; second, that its insulating properties
may still further improved the addi
tion other bodies the water; third, that
40 the dielectric strength ice other frozen
aqueous substance increases with the reduc
tion-of temperature and corresponding in
crease hardness, and, fourth, that these
bodies afford still more effective insulation
45 for conductorscarryingintermittentor alter
nating currents, particularly high rates,
sm-prisingly-ihin layers ice being capable
o wit.
To conduce better understanding 90
the invention, reference now made the
accpmpauying drawings, which—
Figures 1,8,6, and illustrate lon
gitudinal section typical ways carryiug out
my invention; and Figs.
Original No.
SPECIFICATION forming part Reissued Letters Patent No.nited States Patent Office. Berial No. Application for reissue filed Beptembet 21,1900.course own in
vestigations, more especially those tfie elec-
30 trie properties ice, have discovered some
novel and important facts, which the more
prominent are the following: first, that under
certain conditions, when the leakage the
electric charge ordinarily taking place rig-
35 orous.
In Fig. electric- loo
ally insulated from the same atj. the.known that esla acitizen
of the United States, residing the borough
of Manhattan, the city, county, and State
5 New York, have invented certain new and
useful Improvements Methods Insulat
ing Electric Conductors, which the follow
ing specification, reference being had -to
the accompanying drawings,
to has long been known that many sub
stances which are more less conducting
when the fluid condition become insula
tors when solidified. 75
The frozen mass may djrect touch with
the surrounding medium, may de
gree protected from contact with the same; by
an inclosure more less impervious heat. Thus water, which is
in measure conducting, acquires inshlating
IS properties when converted into ice. hollow conductor, such as
a steel tube, laid body water and com
municating with reservoir r', but. and 10, 95
section, partlyso,,constructive details be
described.
To all whonv concern:
Be it. 665,838, dated Angoat 14,1900.
The cooling agent may any kind gas, 80
atmospheric air, oxygen, carbonic acid, am
monia, illuminating-gas, hydrogen.
It may continually renewed indefinitely 85
used, being driven back and forth-or steadily
circulated closed paths underany suitable
conditions regards pressure, density,-tem
perature, and velocity. 11,868 dated October 23, 1900
