The U.S. Patents of Nikola Tesla

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The conductors may bare covered with some material which capable keéping them insulated wheu frozen solidified. and 10, 95 section, partlyso,,constructive details be described. Original No. 30,722. To all whonv concern: Be it. Berial No. 665,838, dated Angoat 14,1900.course own in­ vestigations, more especially those tfie elec- 30 trie properties ice, have discovered some novel and important facts, which the more prominent are the following: first, that under certain conditions, when the leakage the electric charge ordinarily taking place rig- 35 orous. M . To conduce better understanding 90 the invention, reference now made the accpmpauying drawings, which— Figures 1,8,6, and illustrate lon­ gitudinal section typical ways carryiug out my invention; and Figs. may be forced through the channel pressure or suction produced mechanically otherwise.known that esla acitizen of the United States, residing the borough of Manhattan, the city, county, and State 5 New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Methods Insulat­ ing Electric Conductors, which the follow­ ing specification, reference being had -to the accompanying drawings, to has long been known that many sub­ stances which are more less conducting when the fluid condition become insula­ tors when solidified. SPECIFICATION forming part Reissued Letters Patent No. 75 The frozen mass may djrect touch with the surrounding medium, may de­ gree protected from contact with the same; by an inclosure more less impervious heat.nited States Patent Office. The cooling agent may any kind gas, 80 atmospheric air, oxygen, carbonic acid, am­ monia, illuminating-gas, hydrogen.'y prevented, ice proves itself a much better insulator than has heretofore ap­ peared; second, that its insulating properties may still further improved the addi­ tion other bodies the water; third, that 40 the dielectric strength ice other frozen aqueous substance increases with the reduc­ tion-of temperature and corresponding in­ crease hardness, and, fourth, that these bodies afford still more effective insulation 45 for conductorscarryingintermittentor alter­ nating currents, particularly high rates, sm-prisingly-ihin layers ice being capable o wit. N . 55 This method consists insulating elec­ tric conductor freezing solidifying and maintaining such state the material sur­ rounding contiguous the conductor, Using for the purpose gaseous cooling agent 60 circulating through one moresuitable chan­ nels extending through proximity the said material. Application for reissue filed Beptembet 21,1900. I11 the practical carrying out method I may employ hollow conductor and pass 65 the cooling agent, through the same, thus freezing the water other medium con­ tact with close such conductor, may use expressly for the circulation the cool­ ing agent independent channel and freeze 7c or solidify the adjacent substance which any number conductors may embedded. 11,868 dated October 23, 1900.hstandingelectromoti've forces many hundredsaiideventhousandsof volts. the. hollow conductor, such as a steel tube, laid body water and com­ municating with reservoir r', but. pump or compressor;), any suitable construction, connects with another similar tank r*, pro­ vided with inlet-valve air orother . These 50 and other observations have led the,in­ vention :of novel method insulating con­ ductors, rendered practicable reason the above facts and advantageous the utiliza­ tion electrical energy for industrial and commercial purposes. Thus water, which is in measure conducting, acquires inshlating IS properties when converted into ice. The ex­ isting information this subject, however, has been heretofore general nature only and chiefly derived from the original observa­ tions Faraday, who estimated that the sub- ao stances upon which experimented, such as water and aqueous solutions, insulate an electrically-charged conductor about one hun­ dred times better when rendered solid by freezing, and attempt has been made to 25 improve the quality the insulation obtained by this means practically utilize for such purposes are contemplated pres­ ent invention. It may continually renewed indefinitely 85 used, being driven back and forth-or steadily circulated closed paths underany suitable conditions regards pressure, density,-tem­ perature, and velocity. electric- loo ally insulated from the same atj. In Fig