The cooling agent circulated any
convenient, manner, through the hollow
io primary I", for llie purpose freezing the
substance Flanged bushings and oil-
cupsee, extending into the frozen mass, illus
trate suitable means for insulating the ends
of the two conductors and preventing the
15 leakage the currents.effect- the oppositely circulating 80
cooling agents. the
plan illustrated Fig.
2.
It will understood that myinvention may
be applied many other ways, that the spe
cial means here described will greatly va
ried according the necessities, and that in
15 each case many expedients will adopted
which are well known engineers arid elec
tricians and which unnecessary to
dwell. For instance, referring Figs. 4,
50 and instead single channel twocon.
What claim iny invention is— 115
1. transformer as
described especially fitted for use with cur
rents high frequency when low tempera
ture the conductors particularly desir
able, and ice affords exceptionally-effect-
to ive insulation. Assuming in
Fig. More especially, its object is
to provide, when and wherever reqnired, in
sulation high quality, any desired thick
ness, and exceptionally cheap, and enable
the transmission electrical energy nnder o
conditions economy heretofore unattain
able and distances until now impracticable
by dispensing with the necessity using
costly conductors and insulators. The method insulating electric eon- 130
ductors herein described which consists in
surrounding supporting the conductor by
material which acquires insulating properties
when frozen solidified state, and main-
.11,866
tion shown Fig. which and S'
represent, respectively, the primary and sec
ondary conductors, bare insulated, a
transformer, which are wound core N
5 and immersed water other substance W,
contained jar II, and, before stated,-
preferably freed air boiling other
wise. 95
From the above description will readily
seen that myinvention forms fundamen
tal departure the principle from the estab
lished methods insulating conductors em
ployed the industrial and commercial ap- 10c
plication electricity. similar result will
be measure attained, owing the com
pensating effect the hollow conductor C'
and C®, which may still further enhanced
45 reversing periodically the direction the
flow any convenient manner; bat many
cases special arrangements will have be
employed render the cooling more less
uniform. The method insulating electric con
ductors herein described which consists re
ducing and maintaining frozen so
lidified condition the material surrounding 125
contiguous the said conductor the ac
tion thereon gaseous coolingagent main
tained circulation through one more
channels set forth,
3.-
centric channels and may provided
and the cooling agent passed through one and
returned through the other, indicated, dia
gram matically, Fig. aims, broadly, at
obtaining insulation the continuous ex
penditure moderate amount energy
instead securing only virtue in
herent pbj'sical property the material used 105
as heretofore. However, may useful state
that some instances special provision
10 will have made for effecting uniform
cooling the substance surrounding the con
ductor throughout its length. such cases fairly-uniform,
freezing the insulating substance will be
attained without, difficulty the compen-
satiug . this and any
55 similar arrangement when the flow takes place
in opposite directions the objectaimed will
be more completely attained reducing the
temperature the circulating cooling agent
at the distant station, which may done by
60 simply expanding into large reservoir,
as R®, cooling means tube coil
T® otherwise. Evidently the case illus
trated the concentric tubes may used as
independent conductors insulated from
65 each other and from the ground the frozen
or solidified substance.
Generally the transmission electrical
energy large ámonnts, when the quantity
of heat carried off may considerable,
refrigprating apparatus thoroughly protected 70
against the iuflow heat from the outside,
as usual, will employed both the sta
tions and when the distance between them is
very great also intermediate points, the
machinery being advantageously operated 75
the currents transmitted cooling agent
conveyed. large plants this kind
when the saving electrical energy the
transmission the most important consider
ation when the chief object reduce
the cost of, the mains the employment 85
cheap metal, iron otherwise, every ef
fort will made maintain the conductors
at the lowest possible temperature, and well-
known refrigerating processes, those based
on the regenerative principle, may resorted go
to, and this and any other case thě-hollow
conductors channels instead merely serv
ing the purpose conveying thé cooling agent,
may themselves form active parts the re
frigerating apparatus. 10. The method insulating electric con-
ductors herein described which consists im
parting insulating properties material sur
rounding contiguous the said conductor
by the continued action thereon gaseous 120
cooling agent, set forth. the cooling agent escape the dis
tant end freely into the atmosphere info a
35 reservoir maintained low pressure, will in
passing through the hollow conductor move
with velocity steadily increasing toward the
end, expanding isothertnally,ornearly so, and
hence willcausean approxiinately-uniform
40 formation ice along the conductor
