many cases the
management turned out have conservative attitude R&D.
Before the great scientific endeavors the twentieth century
the new corporate laboratory had earn its keep and justify
its existence cost-conscious world.
The expense research had justified, and this
could only done showing results." R&D became the tool corporate policy
in the United States and was directed more management
strategies than scientific considerations. But soon gave this up,
abandoning theoretical work for "the practical development of
29
instruments and apparatus. The lab was not adjunct manufacturing facility
.
Where the Edison lab diverges from the convention an
American research laboratory, was its relationship with the
manufacturing facility. Much
the same can said for the Bell Company's pioneer industrial
research laboratory. Hammond Haynes, the director, had begun
projects examine the fundamental science telephone
transmission his laboratory. Willis Whitney, the
manager GE's laboratory, moved this direction very
quickly and 1901 the laboratory was solving engineering
problems brought them other parts the company.1-28
op
technological goals." The basic scientific work, he
decided, was best carried out institutions like MIT. Edison's plan was not for laboratory
to support manufacturing, provide defensive technology to
ward off the competition, was the case with the Mechanical
room and Dudley's lab; but the center for vast industrial
complex
