The use of innovations and new technologies at Hageris always customer-driven. Every year, Hager evaluatesthousands of its customer contacts, resulting in detailedknowledge of its customers’needs in order to workefficiently and successfully.
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ADR (Astra Digital Radio): digital audio radio programmes subcarrier analog transponder.
Signal Level Adjuster: for reducing levels that are too high (cable equalisation)
Polarisation: this plane the electrical components electromagnetic wave (direction of
oscillation).
Multi-switch: conventional distributors are insufficient distribute satellite signals. This often referred
to Simple DiSEqC Tone-Burst. Gain the opposite attenuation. DiSEqC trade mark the
European Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) and arose out cooperation between EUTELSAT
and Phillips. This merely modulates sequence bits "0" (satellite A)
or "1" (satellite the kHz signal.g.
Field strength meter: instrument used technical staff measure the signal strength a
radio channel.
LNB Low Noise Block converter: feed system also known LNC. The system offers additionally
capacity for data transmission. Tone-Burst signal lasts for about 12.
Attenuation adjustment: compensate for the frequency-dependant cable attenuation
dB decibel: value often used express the attenuation cable stage, also the gain of
an amplifier, aerial etc. The level the
branched signal dependent the attenuation the branch.
Elevation: elevation meant the vertical angle (inclination) the aerial
EPG (Electronic Programme Guide): electronic program guide
Decoupling attenuation (directional attenuation) attenuation the output sockets relative each
other
FEC (Forward Error Correction): technique for reducing the error rate data transmission.SAT-ZF satellite programmes using cable network
in tree structure. Used internationally cable networks cable television or
broadband cable networks.
LOF (Local Oscillator Frequency): stated MHz GHz, varies depending the LNB and
reception frequency range.g.
Distributor: for distributing the energy incoming main trunk cable into two more trunk
cables. Reception unit the
focus the parabolic mirror, which converts the high-frequency satellite downlink into 1.
Conditional Access (CA) System: controls the access users services and programmes
which are encrypted for copyright commercial reasons.
The system based the bands for two adjacent channels being positioned they partially
overlap each other.7 12. The larger the better!
Coaxial cable: shielded cable with inner and outer conductor, insulated from each other a
material (solid cellular PE), which ensures very small signal loss.
Carrier: wave very high frequency, which means modulation able convey radio or
TV signal over very great distance.
CATV: abbreviation for Community Antenna Television. This allows several satellite
positions for rotary and multi-feed systems controlled. Data compression carried out using MPEG-2.
Multi-feed: technique that allows reception multiple satellites using one single fixed aerial. The same instrument can used for precise alignment the aerial that
the maximum signal strength achieved and for the checking the signal level connections to
community systems. The lower the rate, the better the signal.
The bending radius "r" the cable for one-time load must
not less than the cable diameter "d".
22000, 27500)
Terrestrial: denotes all radio services the surface the earth with the exception space and
astronomical broadcasting. Only this means reception all programmes possible.
Power Supply: the satellite receiver supplies the LNB with power via the coaxial cable.g.
Ku-Band: satellite transmission frequency band
SAT-bands: (SAT-IF, Input-IF) intermediate frequency bands used satellite receivers:
950 1,750 MHz (standard band)
950 2,050 MHz (extended band)
700 2,050 MHz (further extended band)
High band frequency range 11.
27 dB/100m 2,000 MHz and shielding class (class A). The C/N ratio measured and must always above the threshold level dB) of
the receiver. When receiving from or
more satellites the DiSEqC switch required, which controls multi-switches and also receivers. Systems with older LNBs cannot
receiver the whole range the band (typically only 10.
Data Reduction: compression image and sound signals.7 GHz satellite.
Pass-through attenuation: reduction the signal level each output, e.
DVB-S stands for satellite cable transmission, DVB-T for terrestrial cable transmission and DVB-C
for cable transmission.
for independent connection receiver and video recorder).5 108 MHz
USB Band, Lower Special Channel Range (VHF), channels S10
Band III (VHF), channels 12
OSB Band, Upper Special Channel Range (VHF), channels S11 S20
Hyperband (VHF), channels S21 S38
Bands and (UHF), channels 69
Bandwidth: expression for range frequencies contained with specific band.
d-box: digital set-top box for Premiere World.
Azimuth: azimuth means the alignment the south-facing satellite aerial (horizontal angle)
Band: band denotes frequency range between two specified values.
Switch: for combining splitting frequency ranges and individual channels.
SMATV (Satellite delivered Master Antenna Television System): communal system that has been
extended for the reception satellite signals.
List the most used designs for parabolic mirror satellite (reception) aerials.
Return Channel: projected interactive applications such home shopping Internet access
require return channel. Each
subscriber must able switch between different reception levels, frequency ranges and even
different satellites. Data transmitted this way are however often
incorrect incomplete. For SAT position the kHz signal sent continuously, for
SAT position pulsed.
Free-to-Air: free-to-air receivers receive exclusively free (non-encrypted) programmes.
Tone-Burst: type Mini-DiSEqC has been defined economical way extending old
systems wider circuit configuration (in addition 14/18 Volt and kHz).
The voltage the supply also determines which polarisation plane returned the LNB. The gain aerial depends the diameter of
the parabolic mirror and its efficiency. Germany 42° East required for Tüksat).
Attenuation loss: measurement (decibel) resulting from the cabling and components.
Carrier/Noise: describes the signal quality the aerial that forwarded the receiver.
CATV bands
BK bands
Band (VHF), channel 4
Band (UKW), frequency 87. (also C/N
ratio). (e. analog systems program and
multiple sound channels can transmitted for each transponder. The Tone-Burst signal was developed permit simple
changing over between two LNBs and suitable for controlling relays (two inputs one output)
and for the new Monoblock LNB. Redundant information left out.Trunk input
in
Trunk output
out
Transmission loss
Attenuation for through-sockets
between trunk input and trunk
output
Attenuation
For through-sockets and single
sockets.g.
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): digital modulation process used for satellite transmission.5 ms. The interference that could result prevented polarising the two channels
in different planes.
BER (Bit error rate): denotes the quality data signal after has been receives and
demodulated. expressed degrees and depends the design
and size the SAT aerial. Concentrates the
electromagnetic waves the feed system (LNB).
This external box allows digital radio and programmes, and also multi-media services be
received satellite.Attenuation between
trunk input and the output sockets. contrast conventional analog
technology (where full images with all information are transmitted per second) the MPEG
process deals with only the actual changes the image. Reception radio and programmes
using community aerial.
Common Interface (CI): uniform interface for digital set-top boxes for PCMCIA modules with card
readers for smart-card practically all Pay-TV companies.
Trunk input
in
Attenuation types
Trunk output
out
TV RF
Star structure Floor star structure
Cabling structures
Tree structure
Antenna technology
. The main distinctions are:
Single Universal LNB for subscriber high band and low band
Twin Universal LNB for subscribers (twin receiver) high band and low band
Quattro Switch LNB for subscribers high band and low band
Quattro Switch LNB with terrestrial input for subscribers high band, low band and terrestrial
Quattro Universal LNB for multi-switch with outputs (horizontal vertical high band low
band)
Octo Switch LNB for subscribers high band and low band
LNB Skew (LNB Tilt): LNB Skew denotes the rotation the LNB relation its vertical position
in the bracket. This can for example provided modem incorporated within the
digital receiver.g.
Dolby Digital Sound Processing: this enables digital surround sound reproduced a
home cinema system.
Many models also allow feed conventional terrestrial programmes.
14 Volt vertical, Volt horizontal polarisation planes. This allows precise positioning the LNB obtain the best possible reception
quality (e. for independent connection receiver and video recorder)
Triple play capability use broadband cable for broadcasts (television), telephone and Internet.
Aperture angle: the aperture angle SAT aerial can regarded denoting the "angle of
view" the SAT aerial towards the satellite. SAT aerials diameters from 60
cm offer this capability. For satellite transmission two different planes are used: the horizontal and the vertical
(linear polarisation), the better exploit the frequency spectrum.
Twin-Receiver: satellite receiver with two separate independent reception components one box
(e.
Gain: unit measurement expressed for the amplification capabilities parabolic aerial or
an amplifier.
Single-cable system: matrix for distributing 1.T61
Antenna technology terms
Tap: for connecting one more branch cables continuous trunk cable.
Low band frequency range 10.
Amplifier: for increasing the aerial signal level
Video bit rate: quantity data transmitted per second digital video signal.
Additional bits are inserted into the data stream that error correction algorithms can used on
reception.
DiSEqCTM (Digital Satellite Equipment Control): Switching signal generated the satellite
receiver, for controlling and switching LNB and multi-switches. "normal" (terrestrial) domestic aerial can receive and radio
programmes. The outer conductor (shield)
serves protect the inner conductor against external interference, and thus minimises the signal
loss the inner conductor.
Network Search: some transponders receive within the digital data stream list with the data for
other transponders, for example facilitate search for all programmes provider, which
may occupy several transponder frequencies.
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting): designation for digital radio.
Twin receiver satellite receiver with two separate, independent receivers single housing (e.
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting): transmission video and sound signals digital form. Cable recommendation for satellite reception: low attenuation approx. For this, an
electronic changeover switch required, which called multi-switch (up 100 subscribers).Sat
intermediate frequency suitable for the receiver.
Decoupling internal
Attenuation between plug
output and socket output.
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): digital modulation process with phase shift keying, used
for transmission cable networks.
SR (Symbol Rate): parameter that must entered allow manual searching the receiver. expressed kbit/s Mbit/s. the band the relationship is: transmission frequency the
satellite LOF receiver reception frequency
MPEG-2: data compression process for images and sound.7 GHz analog). The higher the data
rate the better the transmitted signal. d)
Instructions for coaxial cables
d
r d
18 8
Stripping length for
aerial socket
Directional attenuation
Attenuation between trunk
output out and the output
sockets
Decoupling
Attenuation between two
aerial sockets. prevent interference from nearby satellites recommended that
the aperture angle should where possible less than degrees. distributors, aerial
sockets etc. digital systems (QPSK) the
transmission capacity 6-10 programmes with sound channels.75 GHz satellite.7 11.
Data Rate: data bits transmitted per second.
Transponder frequency containing multiple channels.
USB-Box: external box which connected the through the USB port (Universal Serial Bus). Here mostly only digital programmes
are broadcast.950 11
