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expressed degrees and depends the design
and size the SAT aerial.7 11. The gain aerial depends the diameter of
the parabolic mirror and its efficiency.
Data Rate: data bits transmitted per second.
Power Supply: the satellite receiver supplies the LNB with power via the coaxial cable.
Conditional Access (CA) System: controls the access users services and programmes
which are encrypted for copyright commercial reasons.950 11.
Aperture angle: the aperture angle SAT aerial can regarded denoting the "angle of
view" the SAT aerial towards the satellite. This allows several satellite
positions for rotary and multi-feed systems controlled.SAT-ZF satellite programmes using cable network
in tree structure. (also C/N
ratio).
Transponder frequency containing multiple channels.
for independent connection receiver and video recorder). The interference that could result prevented polarising the two channels
in different planes.g.
Common Interface (CI): uniform interface for digital set-top boxes for PCMCIA modules with card
readers for smart-card practically all Pay-TV companies.
Network Search: some transponders receive within the digital data stream list with the data for
other transponders, for example facilitate search for all programmes provider, which
may occupy several transponder frequencies.
Trunk input
in
Attenuation types
Trunk output
out
TV RF
Star structure Floor star structure
Cabling structures
Tree structure
Antenna technology
. This often referred
to Simple DiSEqC Tone-Burst.
ADR (Astra Digital Radio): digital audio radio programmes subcarrier analog transponder. The lower the rate, the better the signal.
Tone-Burst: type Mini-DiSEqC has been defined economical way extending old
systems wider circuit configuration (in addition 14/18 Volt and kHz).
CATV bands
BK bands
Band (VHF), channel 4
Band (UKW), frequency 87. The larger the better!
Coaxial cable: shielded cable with inner and outer conductor, insulated from each other a
material (solid cellular PE), which ensures very small signal loss. Reception unit the
focus the parabolic mirror, which converts the high-frequency satellite downlink into 1. The same instrument can used for precise alignment the aerial that
the maximum signal strength achieved and for the checking the signal level connections to
community systems.
SMATV (Satellite delivered Master Antenna Television System): communal system that has been
extended for the reception satellite signals.
BER (Bit error rate): denotes the quality data signal after has been receives and
demodulated. The outer conductor (shield)
serves protect the inner conductor against external interference, and thus minimises the signal
loss the inner conductor. The main distinctions are:
Single Universal LNB for subscriber high band and low band
Twin Universal LNB for subscribers (twin receiver) high band and low band
Quattro Switch LNB for subscribers high band and low band
Quattro Switch LNB with terrestrial input for subscribers high band, low band and terrestrial
Quattro Universal LNB for multi-switch with outputs (horizontal vertical high band low
band)
Octo Switch LNB for subscribers high band and low band
LNB Skew (LNB Tilt): LNB Skew denotes the rotation the LNB relation its vertical position
in the bracket.
The voltage the supply also determines which polarisation plane returned the LNB. For SAT position the kHz signal sent continuously, for
SAT position pulsed.
Gain: unit measurement expressed for the amplification capabilities parabolic aerial or
an amplifier.g.
The system based the bands for two adjacent channels being positioned they partially
overlap each other.
Azimuth: azimuth means the alignment the south-facing satellite aerial (horizontal angle)
Band: band denotes frequency range between two specified values.
Attenuation loss: measurement (decibel) resulting from the cabling and components.7 GHz analog).
Twin receiver satellite receiver with two separate, independent receivers single housing (e.
Carrier/Noise: describes the signal quality the aerial that forwarded the receiver. Data transmitted this way are however often
incorrect incomplete.7 GHz satellite.5 108 MHz
USB Band, Lower Special Channel Range (VHF), channels S10
Band III (VHF), channels 12
OSB Band, Upper Special Channel Range (VHF), channels S11 S20
Hyperband (VHF), channels S21 S38
Bands and (UHF), channels 69
Bandwidth: expression for range frequencies contained with specific band.
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting): transmission video and sound signals digital form.75 GHz satellite.
27 dB/100m 2,000 MHz and shielding class (class A).
Additional bits are inserted into the data stream that error correction algorithms can used on
reception. analog systems program and
multiple sound channels can transmitted for each transponder. for independent connection receiver and video recorder)
Triple play capability use broadband cable for broadcasts (television), telephone and Internet. digital systems (QPSK) the
transmission capacity 6-10 programmes with sound channels. Data compression carried out using MPEG-2.
Decoupling internal
Attenuation between plug
output and socket output.
Elevation: elevation meant the vertical angle (inclination) the aerial
EPG (Electronic Programme Guide): electronic program guide
Decoupling attenuation (directional attenuation) attenuation the output sockets relative each
other
FEC (Forward Error Correction): technique for reducing the error rate data transmission. DiSEqC trade mark the
European Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) and arose out cooperation between EUTELSAT
and Phillips. contrast conventional analog
technology (where full images with all information are transmitted per second) the MPEG
process deals with only the actual changes the image.
USB-Box: external box which connected the through the USB port (Universal Serial Bus).
14 Volt vertical, Volt horizontal polarisation planes. Reception radio and programmes
using community aerial.
DiSEqCTM (Digital Satellite Equipment Control): Switching signal generated the satellite
receiver, for controlling and switching LNB and multi-switches.g. Only this means reception all programmes possible.
Multi-feed: technique that allows reception multiple satellites using one single fixed aerial.Attenuation between
trunk input and the output sockets. Cable recommendation for satellite reception: low attenuation approx.
Attenuation adjustment: compensate for the frequency-dependant cable attenuation
dB decibel: value often used express the attenuation cable stage, also the gain of
an amplifier, aerial etc.
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting): designation for digital radio.Trunk input
in
Trunk output
out
Transmission loss
Attenuation for through-sockets
between trunk input and trunk
output
Attenuation
For through-sockets and single
sockets.
Amplifier: for increasing the aerial signal level
Video bit rate: quantity data transmitted per second digital video signal. (e.
DVB-S stands for satellite cable transmission, DVB-T for terrestrial cable transmission and DVB-C
for cable transmission. The level the
branched signal dependent the attenuation the branch.
Switch: for combining splitting frequency ranges and individual channels. d)
Instructions for coaxial cables
d
r d
18 8
Stripping length for
aerial socket
Directional attenuation
Attenuation between trunk
output out and the output
sockets
Decoupling
Attenuation between two
aerial sockets. For satellite transmission two different planes are used: the horizontal and the vertical
(linear polarisation), the better exploit the frequency spectrum. Systems with older LNBs cannot
receiver the whole range the band (typically only 10. Tone-Burst signal lasts for about 12.g.
Multi-switch: conventional distributors are insufficient distribute satellite signals.T61
Antenna technology terms
Tap: for connecting one more branch cables continuous trunk cable.
Distributor: for distributing the energy incoming main trunk cable into two more trunk
cables.
d-box: digital set-top box for Premiere World.
CATV: abbreviation for Community Antenna Television. SAT aerials diameters from 60
cm offer this capability.
List the most used designs for parabolic mirror satellite (reception) aerials. This merely modulates sequence bits "0" (satellite A)
or "1" (satellite the kHz signal.
Many models also allow feed conventional terrestrial programmes. When receiving from or
more satellites the DiSEqC switch required, which controls multi-switches and also receivers. Redundant information left out.
Return Channel: projected interactive applications such home shopping Internet access
require return channel.
Low band frequency range 10.
Dolby Digital Sound Processing: this enables digital surround sound reproduced a
home cinema system.7 12. distributors, aerial
sockets etc. The higher the data
rate the better the transmitted signal. The Tone-Burst signal was developed permit simple
changing over between two LNBs and suitable for controlling relays (two inputs one output)
and for the new Monoblock LNB. For this, an
electronic changeover switch required, which called multi-switch (up 100 subscribers). Used internationally cable networks cable television or
broadband cable networks. Each
subscriber must able switch between different reception levels, frequency ranges and even
different satellites.
Free-to-Air: free-to-air receivers receive exclusively free (non-encrypted) programmes. Concentrates the
electromagnetic waves the feed system (LNB). This can for example provided modem incorporated within the
digital receiver. Gain the opposite attenuation.
22000, 27500)
Terrestrial: denotes all radio services the surface the earth with the exception space and
astronomical broadcasting.
Pass-through attenuation: reduction the signal level each output, e. This allows precise positioning the LNB obtain the best possible reception
quality (e.
Signal Level Adjuster: for reducing levels that are too high (cable equalisation)
Polarisation: this plane the electrical components electromagnetic wave (direction of
oscillation).
Data Reduction: compression image and sound signals. "normal" (terrestrial) domestic aerial can receive and radio
programmes.
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): digital modulation process with phase shift keying, used
for transmission cable networks.Sat
intermediate frequency suitable for the receiver. the band the relationship is: transmission frequency the
satellite LOF receiver reception frequency
MPEG-2: data compression process for images and sound. Here mostly only digital programmes
are broadcast.
SR (Symbol Rate): parameter that must entered allow manual searching the receiver.
This external box allows digital radio and programmes, and also multi-media services be
received satellite.
LNB Low Noise Block converter: feed system also known LNC. Germany 42° East required for Tüksat).
Carrier: wave very high frequency, which means modulation able convey radio or
TV signal over very great distance.
Single-cable system: matrix for distributing 1.
LOF (Local Oscillator Frequency): stated MHz GHz, varies depending the LNB and
reception frequency range. prevent interference from nearby satellites recommended that
the aperture angle should where possible less than degrees.g.
Twin-Receiver: satellite receiver with two separate independent reception components one box
(e.
The bending radius "r" the cable for one-time load must
not less than the cable diameter "d".5 ms.
Ku-Band: satellite transmission frequency band
SAT-bands: (SAT-IF, Input-IF) intermediate frequency bands used satellite receivers:
950 1,750 MHz (standard band)
950 2,050 MHz (extended band)
700 2,050 MHz (further extended band)
High band frequency range 11. The C/N ratio measured and must always above the threshold level dB) of
the receiver. expressed kbit/s Mbit/s.
Field strength meter: instrument used technical staff measure the signal strength a
radio channel. The system offers additionally
capacity for data transmission.
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): digital modulation process used for satellite transmission
