iisb. Available: https://www.aspx.
[60] Energy Networks, “The Angle-DC Project”, [Online]. [Accessed August 2025].
[62] Fraunhofer IISB, “Medium Voltage Electronics”, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and
Device Technology, [Online].
[56] State Grid Corporation China, “Urban Distribution Network Pilot Project Report Shenzhen
Case Study”, 2023. 14, no.
[67] Department Energy, “MVDC Use Case”, [Online]. Available: https://www.fraunhofer. [Accessed August 2025]. 14, no.energy.
[54] IEA, “Global Outlook 2023”, International Energy Agency, 2023. [Accessed August 2025].com/news-and-events/
customer-success-stories/mackinac.com/news-and-events/
customer-success-stories/eagle-pass.
[61] University Strathclyde, “The power networks demonstration centre”, [Online].
[68] “BREAKERS Building Reliable Electronics Achieve Kilovolt Effective Ratings Safely”, ARPA-E,
[Online].
[59] Simiyu and Davidson, “MVDC railway traction power systems: state the art, opportunities
and challenges”, Energies, vol.hitachienergy. 18, pp. Available: https://arpa-e.gov/programs-and-initiatives/view-all-programs/breakers. [Accessed August 2025].
[70] CENELEC 50163, “Railway applications Supply voltages traction systems”, European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), 2004.
[64] Wei, Zhang and Liu, “Key technology breakthrough and demonstration Suzhou medium
and low voltage power distribution and consumption system”, Journal distribution utilisation,
pp.
[57] Coffey, Timmers, Li, and Egea-Alvarez, “Review MVDC applications, technologies
and future prospects”, Energies, vol.
[63] CIGRE, “The flexible power link Western Power Distribution: case study”, 2020.
.
co. 4156, 2021. 412-425, 2023. 47-57, 2022.uk/pages/angle_dc. [Accessed August 2025].
[69] IEEE Guideline 1709-2018, “Recommended practice for medium voltage power
systems ships”, IEEE, 2018.
[Accessed August 2025].86
Bibliography
[53] Qintero-Arredondo and Le, “Medium voltage direct current distribution system for electric
vehicle fast charging park”, WSEAS Transactions Power Systems, vol.pdf.hitachienergy.co.
[66] “Mackinac”, Hitachi Energy, [Online].html.
[58] “Statustagung Maritime Technologien”, Bundesministerium für Wirstchaft und Klimaschutz, 2024. Available: https://www.uk.spenergynetworks. Available: https://www.
[55] EPRI, “DC Power Distribution Systems: Technical Benefits and Implementation Challenges”, Electric
Power Research Institute, 2023. 24, 2021. Available: https://www.de/en/research_areas/power_
electronics/medium-voltage-electronics.energy. Available: https://
pndc. [Accessed August 2025].
[65] “Eagle Pass”, Hitachi Energy, [Online].gov/sites/
default/files/2023-07/Kandula_DOE%20OE%20TRAC%20Peer%20Review%20Project_MVDC%20
Use%20Case_1
