In many cases it. Clearly the lower the tempera
ture the oondnetor the smaller will the
loss electrical friction; but.
Instead being wasted the distant sta
tion the cooling agent may turned 6ome
profitable use. meet
these conditions, its cooling capaeity, which
is dependent the temperature, density,
' veiocity, and specific heat, will calculated
55 the help data and formnice familiar to
engineers. this instance furthermore serves
;5 to' greatly reduce the quantity ice required,
its rate melting, and the influx heat
from the outside, thus diminishing the ex
penditure energy necessary for the main
tenance normal working conditions. Air will bé, rule, suitable
for the use contemplated; but exceptional
instances some other gas, hydrogen, may
resorted to, which will permit much
60 greater rate cooling and lower tempera
ture reached. For
these'purposes apparatus may employed.the insulating qualities the
same. Other features of
similarity, though unnecessary, are.ing through the valve drawn through the
tank r*and pomp/>into the reservoirr', escap
ing thence through the conductor under
5 any desired uressure which may regulated
by valve v'.
Most frequently the distribution elec
tricity for industrial purposes, sys
tem power transmission alternate cur
rents, more than one conductor will re
quired, and such cases may conven
ient circulate the cooling agent closed
path formed the conductors plan of
this kind illustrated Fig. Such covering,
' penetrable water, would ordinarily of
little usé; but when embedded the
. three-way valve provided,
which when placed with its lever indi
cated allows the cooling agent enter
through the tabes //* and pntnp thus
filling the reservoirs R4and hollow con
ductors C4; but when turned ninety de
grees the valve shots off the compnumention
.
which well known and which unnec
essary show detail. ice iiiiproves. Tho gas continuously
passing through the tube conductor be
ingvery cold will freeze and maintain this
15 state the water contact with adjacent to
the conductor and insulate it. Evidently the industrial
and commercial exploitation myinvention
any kind cooling agent, capable meeting
the requirements maybe conveyed from one
to another station and there utilized for re
frigeration, power, heating, lighting, sanitar
tion, chemical processes, any other pur
pose which may tend itself, and thus the
revenue the plant may increased. illus
trated facilitate understanding the
plan. will advantage to
cover the hollow conductor with thick layer
of some cheap material, felt, this being in-
;o dicated Fig. Flanged
bushings i'i4, non-condacting material,may
be used prevent the leakage the current
which would otherwise occur, owing the
to formation superficial film moisture
over the ice projecting out the water. From such
and similar considerations the temperature
securing the highest economy will ascer
tained., the other
hand, the colder ?
the conductor the greater
will the influx heat from the outside
and the cost cooling agent.to the ontside through the tube and estab
lishes connection between the reservoir R4
and pomp through the tubes U*and n4, thus
permitting the cooling agent lie circulated
in the closed path it* the
a 11,805
gas which used the cooling agent enter-
70
75
80
»5
90
95
to
10$
n o
" 5
I2<
12;
. The
tube being kept insulated this means may
then employed the manner ordi
nary telegraphic other cable connect-
15 ing either both the terminals a
circuit including the earth. Both the reservoirs and r*
are kepi, low temperature suitable
means, coils tubes and ř,
through which any kind refrigerating fluid
10 may circula ted, some provision being pref-
erably made for adjusting the flow the
same, valves v‘. For instance,
if employed for the transmission tele
graphic messages, when the loss electrical
friction may consequence, very low
temperature may not required; but it
be used for transmitting large amounts of
electrical energy, when the frictional waste
may serious drawback, will desir
able keep extremely cold.
Generally considered,the cooling agent will
have carry away heat rate sufficient
45 keep the conductor the desired tempera
ture and maintain layer the required
• thickness the substance surrounding in
a frozen state, compensating continually for
the heat flowing through the layer and wall
50 the conductor and that generated me
chanical and electrical friction. which C'
and represent two hollow conductors em
bedded frozen mass underground and
communicating, respectively; with the reser
voirs and R*, which'are connected re
ciprocating other suitable pump Cool
ing coils tnbes and T*, with regu
lating-valves are employed, which are
similar and serve the same ptirpose as
those shown Fig.
As the temperature the conductor, it
will determined the nature its nse
and considerations economy. As
,0 regards this energy and other particulars of
importance they will vary according the
special demands each case. The attain
ment this object will facilitated any
provision for reducing much possible
the flowing the heat from the surround
ing medium. Obviously whichever
gas employed should before entering the
hollow conductor channel thoroughly
dried and separated front all which con-
65 densation and deposition otherwise might
cause obstruction its passage.
